Список литературы
1. Guyatt, G. H., Sackett, D. L., Sinclair, J. C., et al. User's guides to the medical literature: IX. A method for grading healthcare recommendations. J.A.M.A. 274: 1800, 1995.
2. Piantadosi, S. David Byar as a teacher. Control. Clin. Trials 16: 202, 1995.
3. Olkin, I. Statistical and theoretical considerations in meta-analysis. J. Clin. Epidemiol. 48: 133, 1995.
4. Davey, R. B., Sprod, R. T., and Neild, T. O. Computerized colour: A technique for the assessment of burn scar hypertrophy. A preliminary report. Burns 25: 207, 1999.
5. Powers, P. S., Sarkar, S., Goldgof, D. B., Cruse, C. W., and Tsap, L. V. Scar assessment: Current problems and future solutions. J. Burn Care Rehabil. 20: 54, 1999.
6. Beausang, E., Floyd, H., Dunn, K. W., Orton, C. I., and Ferguson, M. W. A new quantitative scale for clinical scar assessment. Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 102: 1954, 1998.
7. Yeong, E. K., Mann, R., Engrav, L. H., et al. Improved burn scar assessment with use of a new scar-rating scale. J. Burn Care Rehabil. 18: 353, 1997.
8. Sullivan, T., Smith, J., Kermode, J., et al. Rating the burn scar. J. Burn Care Rehabil. 11: 256, 1990.
9. Baryza, M. J., and Baryza, G. A. The Vancouver Scar Scale: An administration tool and its interrater reliability. J. Burn Care Rehabil. 16: 535, 1995.
10. Nedelec, B., Shankowsky, A., and Tredgett, E. E. Rating the resolving hypertrophic scar: Comparison of the Vancouver Scar Scale and scar volume. J. Burn Care Rehabil. 21: 205, 2000.
11. Berman, B., and Bieley, H. C. Adjunct therapies to surgical management of keloids. Dermatol. Surg. 22: 126, 1996.
12. Darzi, M. A., Chowdri, N. A., Kaul, S. K., et al. Evaluation of various methods of treating keloids and hypertrophic scars: A 10-year follow-up study. Br. J. Plast. Surg. 45: 374, 1992.
13. Lawrence, W. T. In search of the optimal treatment of keloids: Report of a series and a review of the literature. Ann.
14. Berman, B., and Bieley, H. C. Keloids. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. 33: 117, 1995.
15. Urioste, S. S., Arndt, K. A., and Dover, J. S. Keloids and hypertrophic scars: Review and treatment strategies. Semin. Cutan. Med. Surg. 18: 159, 1999.
16. Sherris, D. A., Larrabee, W. F., Jr., and Murakami, C. S. Management of scar contractures, hypertrophic scars and keloids. Otolaryngol. Clin. North Am. 28: 1057, 1995.
17. Rockwell, W. B., Cohen, I. K., and Ehrlich, H. P. Keloids and hypertrophic scars: A comprehensive review. Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 84: 827, 1989.
18. Niessen, F. B., Spauwen, P. H. M., Schalkwijk, J., and Kon, M. On the nature of hypertrophic scars and keloids: A review. Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 104: 1435, 1999.
19. Alster, T. S., and West, T. B. Treatment of scars: A review. Ann. Plast. Surg. 39: 418, 1997.
20. Murray, J. C. Keloids and hypertrophic scars. Clin. Dermatol. 12: 27, 1994.
21. Kelly, A. P. Keloids. Dermatol. Clin. 6: 413, 1988.
22. Murray, J. C. Scars and keloids. Dermatol. Clin. 11: 697, 1993.
23. Griffith, B. H., Monroe, C. W., and McKinney, P. A follow-up study on the treatment of keloids with triamcinolone acetonide. Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 46: 145, 1970.
24. McCoy, B. J., Diegelmann, R. F., and Cohen, I. K. In vitro inhibition of cell growth, collagen synthesis and prolyl hydroxylase activity by triamcinolone acetonide. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 163: 216, 1980.
25. Ketchum, L. D., Smith, J., Robinson, D. W., et al. The treatment of hypertrophic scar, keloid and scar contracture by triamcinolone acetonide. Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 38: 209, 1966.
26. Tang, Y. W. Intra- and postoperative steroid injections for keloids and hypertrophic scars. Br. J. Plast. Surg. 45: 371, 1992.
27. Hirshowitz, B., Lerner, D., and Moscona, A. R. Treatment of keloid scars by combined cryosurgery and intralesional corticosteroids. Aesthetic Plast. Surg. 6: 153, 1982.
28. Whang, K. K., Park, H. J., and Myung, K. B. The clinical analysis of the combination of cryosurgery and intralesional corticosteroid for keloid or hypertrophic scars. Korean J. Dermatol. 35: 450, 1997.
29. Sproat, J. E., Dalcin, A., Weitauer, N., and Roberts, R. S. Hypertrophic sternal scars: Silicone gel sheeting versus kenalog injection treatment. Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 90: 988, 1992.
30. Yii, N. W., and Frame, J. D. Evaluation of cynthaskin and topical steroid in the treatment of hypertrophic scars and keloids. Eur. J. Plast. Surg. 19: 162, 1996.
31. Jenkins, M., Alexander, J. W., MacMillan, B. G., et al. Failure of topical steroids and vitamin E to reduce postoperative scar formation following reconstructive surgery. J. Burn Care Rehabil. 7: 309, 1986.
32. Perkins, K., Davey, R. B., and Wallis, K. A. Silicone gel: A new treatment for burn scars and contractures. Burns Incl. Therm. Inj. 9: 201, 1983.
33. Sawada, Y., and Sone, K. Treatment of scars and keloids with a cream containing silicone oil. Br. J. Plast. Surg. 43: 683, 1990.
34. Chang, C. C., Kuo, Y. F., Chiu, H., et al. Hydration, not silicone, modulates the effects of keratinocytes on fibroblasts. J. Surg. Res. 59: 705, 1995.
35. Carney, S. A., Cason, C. G., Gowar, J. P., et al. Cica-care gel sheeting in the management of hypertrophic scarring. Burns 20: 163, 1994.
36. Branagan, M., Chenery, D. H., and Nicholson, S. Use of the infrared attenuated total reflectance spectroscopy for the in vivo measurement of hydration level and silicone distribution in the stratum corneum following skin coverage by polymeric dressings. Skin Pharmacol. Appl. Skin Physiol. 13: 157, 2000.
37. Suetake, T., Sasai, S., Zhen, Y.-X., and Tagami, H. Effects of silicone gel sheet on the stratum corneum hydration. Br. J. Plast. Surg. 53: 503, 2000.
38. Poston, J. The use of silicone gel sheeting in the management of hypertrophic and keloid scars. J. Wound Care 9: 10, 2000.
39. Su, C. W., Alizadeh, K., Boddie, A., and Lee, R. C. The problem scar. Clin. Plast. Surg. 25: 451, 1998.
40. Katz, B. E. Silicone gel sheeting in scar therapy. Cutis 56: 65, 1995.
41. Berman, B., and Flores, F. Comparison of a silicone gel-filled cushion and silicone gel sheeting for the treatment of hypertrophic or keloid scars. Dermatol. Surg. 25: 484, 1999.
42. Gold, M. H. A controlled clinical trial of topical silicone gel sheeting in the treatment of hypertrophic scars and keloids. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. 30: 506, 1994.
43. Cruz-Korchin, N. I. Effectiveness of silicone sheets in the prevention of hypertrophic breast scars. Ann. Plast. Surg. 37: 345, 1996.
44. Agarwal, U. S., Jain, D., Gulati, R., et al. Silicone gel sheet dressings for prevention of post-minigraft cobblestoning in vitiligo. Dermatol. Surg. 25: 102, 1999.
45. Ahn, S. T., Monafo, W. W., and Mustoe, T. A. Topical silicone gel for the prevention and treatment of hypertrophic scars. Arch. Surg. 126: 499, 1991.
46. Ahn, S. T., Monafo, W. W., and Mustoe, T. A. Topical silicone gel: A new treatment for hypertrophic scars. Surgery 106: 781, 1989.
47. Gold, M. H. The role of CICA-CARE in preventing scars following surgery: A review of hypertrophic and keloid scar treatments. Oral presentation at the Annual Meeting of the American Academy of Dermatology, San Francisco, Calif., March 10–15, 2000.
48. Borgognoni, L., Martini, L., Chiarugi, C., Gelli, R., and Reali, U. M. Hypertrophic scars and keloids: Immuno-phenotypic features and silicone sheets to prevent recurrences. Ann. Burns Fire Disasters 8: 164, 2000.
49. Quinn, K. J. Silicone gel in scar treatment. Burns 13: S33, 1987.
50. Morris, D. E., Wu, L., Zhao, L. L., et al. Acute and chronic animal models for excessive dermal scarring: Quantitative studies. Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 100: 674, 1997.
51. Baum, T. M., and Busuito, M. J. Use of a glycerin-based gel sheeting in scar management. Adv. Wound Care 11: 40, 1998.
52. Phillips, T. J., Gerstein, A. D., Lordan, V., et al. A randomized controlled trial of hydrocolloid dressing in the treatment of hypertrophic scars and keloids. Dermatol. Surg. 22: 775, 1996.
53. Wong, T. W., Chiu, H. C., Chang, C. H., et al. Silicone cream occlusive dressing: A novel non-invasive regimen in the treatment of keloid. Dermatology 192: 329, 1996.
54. Staley, M. J., and Richard, R. L. Use of pressure to treat hypertrophic burn scars. Adv. Wound Care 10: 44, 1997.
55. Fricke, N. B., Omnell, M. L., Dutcher, K. A., Hollender, L. G., and Engrav, L. H. Skeletal and dental disturbances in children after facial burns and pressure garment use: A 4-year follow-up. J. Burn Care Rehabil. 20: 239, 1999.
56. Ward, R. S. Pressure therapy for the control of hypertrophic scar formation after burn injury: A history and review. J. Burn Care Rehabil. 12: 257, 1991.
57. Tredget, E. E. Management of the acutely burned upper extremity. Hand Clin. 16: 187, 2000.
58. Nedelec, B., Ghahary, A., Scott, P., and Tredget, E. Control of wound contraction: Basic and clinical features. Hand Clin. 16: 289, 2000.
59. Agrawal, K., Panda, K. N., and Arumugam, A. An inexpensive self-fabricated pressure clip for the ear lobe. Br. J. Plast. Surg. 51: 122, 1998.
60. Linares, H. A. From wound to scar. Burns 22: 339, 1996.
61. Rayner, K. The use of pressure therapy to treat hypertrophic scarring. J. Wound Care 9: 151, 2000.
62. Tilley, W., McMahon, S., and Shukalak, B. Rehabilitation of the burned upper extremity. Hand Clin. 16: 303, 2000.
63. Johnson, J., Greenspan, B., Gorga, D., et al. Compliance with pressure garment use inburn rehabilitation. J. Burn Care Rehabil. 15: 180, 1994.
64. Kealey, G. P., Jensen, K. L., Laubenthal, K. N., and Lewis, R. W. Prospective randomized comparison of two types of pressure therapy garments. J. Burn Care Rehabil. 11: 334, 1990.
65. Rose, M. P., and Deitch, E. A. The clinical use of a tubular compression bandage, Tubigrip, for burn scar therapy: A critical analysis. Burns Incl. Therm. Inj. 12: 58, 1985.
66. Chang, P., Laubenthal, K. N., Lewis, R. W., II, et al. Prospective, randomized study of the efficacy of pressure garment therapy in patients with burns. J. Burn Care Rehabil. 16: 473, 1995.
67. Norris, J. E. C. Superficial X-ray therapy in keloid management: A retrospective study of 24 cases and literature review. Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 95: 1051, 1995.
68. Cosman, B., Crikelair, G. F., Ju, D. M., et al. The surgical treatment of keloids. Reconstr. Surg. 27: 335, 1961.
69. Brown, L. A., Jr., and Pierce, H. E. Keloids: Scar revision. J. Dermatol. Surg. Oncol. 12: 51, 1986.
70. Levy, D. S., Salter, M. M., and Roth, R. E. Postoperative irradiation in the prevention of keloids. A.J.R. Am. J. Roentgenol. 127: 509, 1976.
71. Edsmyr, F., Larson, L. G., Onyango, J., et al. Radiotherapy in the treatment of keloids in East Africa. East Afr. Med. J. 50: 457, 1973.
72. Bailin, P. Use of the CO2 laser for non-PWS cutaneous lesions. In K. A. Arndt, J. M. Noe, and S. Rosen (Eds.), Cutaneous Laser Therapy: Principles and Methods. New York: John Wiley, 1983. Pp. 187–200.
73. Apfelberg, D. B., Maser, M. R., White, D. N., et al. Failure of carbon dioxide laser excision of keloids. Lasers Surg. Med. 9: 382, 1989.
74. Norris, J. E. The effect of carbon dioxide laser surgery on the recurrence of keloids. Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 87: 44, 1991.
75. Bernstein, L. J., Kauvar, A. N., Grossman, M. C., et al. Scar resurfacing with high-energy short-pulsed and flash scanning carbon dioxide. Dermatol. Surg. 24: 101, 1998.
76. Kantor, G. R., Wheeland, R. G., Bailin, P. L., et al. Treatment of earlobe keloids with carbon dioxide laser excision: A report of 16 cases. J. Dermatol. Surg. Oncol. 11: 1063, 1985.
77. Sheridan, R. L., Lydon, M. M., Petras, L. M., et al. Laser ablation of burns: Initial clinical trial. Surgery 125: 92, 1999.
78. Hulsbergen-Henning, J. P., Roskam, Y., and van Gemert, M. J. Treatment of keloids and hypertrophic scars with an argon laser. Lasers Surg. Med. 6: 72, 1986.
79. Abergel, R. P., Meeker, C. A., Lam, T. S., and Dwyer, R. M. Control of connective tissue metabolism by lasers: Recent developments and future prospects. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. 11: 1142, 1984.
80. Kumar, K., Kapoor, B. S., Rai, P., and Shukla, H. S. In situ irradiation of keloid scars with Nd:YAG laser. J. Wound Care 9: 213, 2000.
81. Kwon, S. D., and Kye, Y. C. Treatment of scars with a pulsed Er:YAG laser. J. Cutan. Laser Ther. 2: 27, 2000.
82. Alster, T. S. Improvement of erythematous and hypertrophic scars by the 585 nm flashlamp pulsed dye laser. Ann. Plast. Surg. 32: 186, 1994.
83. Alster, T. S., Kurban, A. K., Grove, G. L., et al. Alteration of argon induced scars by the pulsed dye laser. Lasers Surg. Med. 13: 368, 1993.
84. Alster, T. S., and Williams, C. M. Treatment of keloid sternotomy scars with 585 nm flashlamp-pumped pulsed-dye laser. Lancet 345: 1198, 1995.
85. Dierickx, C., Goldman, M. P., and Fitzpatrick, R. E. Laser treatment of erythematous/hypertrophic and pigmented scars in 26 patients. Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 95: 84, 1995.
86. Goldman, M., and Fitzpatrick, R. E. Laser treatment of scars. Dermatol. Surg. 21: 685, 1995.
87. Connell,P.G., and Harland,C. C. Treatment of keloid scars with pulsed dye lasers and intralesional steroid. J. Cutan. Laser Ther. 2: 147, 2000.
88. McCraw, J. B., McCraw, J. A., McMellin, A., and Bettencourt, N. Prevention of unfavorable scars using early pulse dye laser treatments: A preliminary report. Ann. Plast. Surg. 42: 7, 1999.
89. Wittenberg, G. P., Fabian, B. G., Bogomilsky, J. L., et al. Prospective single-blind, randomized controlled study to assess the efficacy of the 585-nm flashlamp pumped pulsed-dye laser and silicone gel sheeting in hyper-trophic scar treatment. Arch. Dermatol. 135: 1049, 1999.
90. Layton, A. M., Yip, J., and Cunliffe, W. J. A comparison on intralesional triamcinolone and cryosurgery in the treatment of acne keloids. Br. J. Dermatol. 130: 498, 1994.
91. Ciampo, E., and Iurassich, S. Liquid nitrogen cryosurgery in the treatment of acne lesions. Ann. Ital. Dermatol. Clin. Sper. 51: 67, 1997.
92. Zouboulis, C., Blume, U., Buttner, P., and Orfanos, C.E. Outcomes of cryosurgery in keloids and hypertrophic scars: A prospective, consecutive trial of case series. Arch. Dermatol. 129: 1146, 1993.
93. Ernst, K., and Hundeiker, M. Results of cryosurgery in 394 patients with hypertrophic scars and keloids. Haut-arzt 46: 462, 1995.
94. Rusciani, L., Rosse, G., and Bono, R. Use of cryotherapy in the treatment of keloids. J. Dermatol. Surg. Oncol. 19: 529, 1993.
95. Reiffel, R. S. Prevention of hypertrophic scars by long-term paper tape application. Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 96: 1715, 1995.
96. Davey, R. B., Wallis, K. A., and Bowering, K. Adhesive contact media: An update on graft fixation and burn scar management. Burns 17: 313, 1991.
97. Havlik, R.J. Vitamin E and wound healing: Safety and efficacy reports. Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 100: 1901, 1997.
98. Baumann, L. S., Spencer, J., and Klein, A. W. The effects of topical vitamin E on the cosmetic appearance of scars. Dermatol. Surg. 25: 311, 1999.
99. Jackson, B. A.,Shelton, A.J., and McDaniel, D. H. Pilot study evaluating topical onion extract as treatment for postsurgical scars. Dermatol. Surg. 25: 267, 1999.
100. Scalvenzi, M., Delfino, S., and Sammarco, E. Post dermatological scars: Improvement after application with an allantoin and sulphomucopolysaccharide-based gel. Ann. Ital. Dermatol. Clin. Sper. 52: 132, 1998.
101. Magliaro, A., Gianfaldoni, R., and Cervadoro, G. Treatment of burn scars with a gel based on allantoin and sulfomucopolysaccharides. G. Ital. Dermatol. Venereol. 134: 153, 1999.
102. Boyce, D. E., Bantick, G., and Murison, M. S. The use of ADCON-T/N glycosaminoglycan gel in the revision of tethered scars. Br. J. Plast. Surg. 53: 403, 2000.
103. Widgerow, A. D., Chait, L. A., Stals, R., and Stals, P.J. New innovations in scar management. Aesthetic Plast. Surg. 24: 227, 2000.
104. Janssen de Limpens, A. M. P. The local treatment of hypertrophic scars and keloids with topical retinoic acid. Br. J. Dermatol. 103: 319, 1980.
105. Peacock, E. E., Jr. Pharmacologic control of surface scarring in human beings. Ann. Surg. 193: 592, 1981.
106. Topol, B. M., Lewis, V. L., Jr., and Beneviste, K. The use of antihistamine to retard the growth of fibroblasts derived from human skin, scar and keloids. Plast. Re-constr. Surg. 68: 227, 1981.
107. Duncan, J. L., Thomson, A. W., and Muir, L. F. K. Topical cyclosporin and T-lymphocytes in keloid scars. Br. J. Dermatol. 124: 109, 1991.
108. Lawrence, W. T. Treatment of earlobe keloids with surgery plus adjuvant intralesional verapamil and pressure earrings. Ann. Plast. Surg. 37: 167, 1996.
109. Tredget, E. E., Wang, R., Shen, Q., Scott P. G, and Ghahary, A. Transforming growth factor-beta mRNA and protein in hypertrophic scar tissues and fibroblasts: Antagonism by IFN-alpha and IFN-gamma in vitro and in vivo. J. Interferon Cytokine Res. 20: 143, 2000.
110. Granstein, R. D., Rook, A., Flotte, T. J., et al. Controlled trial of intralesional recombinant interferon-7 in the treatment of keloidal scarring. Arch. Dermatol. 126: 1295, 1990.
111. Pittet, B., Rubbia-Brandt, L., Desmoulieve, A., etal. Effect of gamma interferon on the clinical and biological evolution of hypertrophic scars and Dupuytren's disease: An open pilot study. Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 93: 1224, 1994.
112. Larrabee, W. F., Jr., East, C. A., Jaffe, H. S., et al. Intralesional interferon gamma treatment for keloids and hypertrophic scars. Arch. Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg. 116: 1159, 1990.
113. Takeuchi, M., Tredget, E. E., Scott, P. G, Kilani, R. T., and Ghahary, A. The antifibrogenic effects of liposome-encapsulated IFN-alpha2b cream on skin wounds. J. Interferon Cytokine Res. 19: 1413, 1999.
114. Tredget, E. E., Shankowsky, H. A., Pannu, R., et al. Transforming growth factor-beta in thermally injured patients with hypertrophic scars: Effects of interferon alpha-2b. Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 102: 1317, 1998.
115. Berman, B., and Flores, F. Recurrence rates of excised keloids treated with postoperative triamcinolone acetonide injections of interferon alfa-2b injections. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. 37: 755, 1997.
116. Fitzpatrick, R. E. Treatment of inflamed hypertrophic scars using intralesional 5-FU. Dermatol. Surg. 25: 224, 1999.
117. Bodokh, I., and Brun, P. Traitement des chéloïdes par infiltrations de Bléomycine. Ann. Dermatol. Venereol. 123: 791, 1996.
118. Larouy, J. C. Traitement des chéloïdes: trois méthodes. Nouv. Dermatol. 19: 295, 2000.
119. Espana, A., Solano, T., and Quintanilla, E. Bleomycin in the treatment of keloids and hypertrophic scars by multiple needle punctures. Dermatol. Surg. 27: 23, 2001.
120. Smith, E. A., Harper, F. E., and LeRoy, E. C. Raynaud's phenomenon of a single digit following local intradermal bleomycin sulfate injection. Arthritis Rheum. 28: 459, 1985.
121. Epstein, E. Persisting Raynaud's phenomenon following intralesional bleomycin treatment of finger warts. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. 13: 468, 1985.
122. O'Kane, S., and Ferguson, M. W. Transforming growth factor beta s and wound healing. Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol. 29: 63, 1997.
123. Yamada, H., Tajima, S., Nishikawa, T., Murad, S., and Pinnell, S. R. Tranilast, a selective inhibitor of collagen synthesis in human skin fibroblasts. J. Biochem. (Tokyo) 116: 892, 1994.
124. Nakamura, K., Irie, H., Inoue, M., Mitani, H., Sunami, H., and Sano, S. Factors affecting hypertrophic scar development in median sternotomy incisions for congenital cardiac surgery. J. Am. Coll. Surg. 185: 218, 1997.
125. O'Kane, S., and Ferguson, M. W. Transforming growth factor betas and wound healing. Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol. 29: 63, 1997.
126. Cowin, A. J., Holmes, T. M., Brosnan, P., and Ferguson, M. W. Expression of TGF-beta and its receptors in murine fetal and adult dermal wounds. Eur. J. Dermatol. 11: 424, 2001.
127. Tyrone, J. W., Marcus, J. R., Bonomo, S. R., Mogford, J. E., Xia, Y., and Mustoe, T. A. Transforming growth factor beta3 promotes fascial wound healing in a new animal model. Arch. Surg. 135: 1154, 2000.
128. Kim, I., Mogford, J. E., Witschi, C., Nafissi, M., and Mustoe, T. A. Inhibition of prolyl 4-hydroxylase reduces scar elevation in a rabbit model of hypertrophic scarring. Wound Repair Regen. 9: 139, 2001.
129. Harahap, M. Surgical Techniques for Cutaneous Scar Revision. New York: Marcel Dekker, 1999.